近年許多商轉中的輕水式反應器(Light Water Reactor, LWR)，在結構組件上常出現異材金屬銲接之應力腐蝕龜裂(Stress Corrosion Crack, SCC)。國內核電廠結構組件常使用的沃斯田不銹鋼304與82合金銲件，亦可能遭遇此問題，因此值得深入研究探討。本實驗在模擬沸水式反應器環境中藉由304不鏽鋼和82合金異材銲接試樣研究應力腐蝕龜裂，並探討試樣在不同的前處理條件後置於高溫溶氫或溶氧環境下材料對於應力腐蝕的敏感性。經由慢速率伸實驗與SEM微結構觀察可得知，在高溫溶氧環境下經固溶處理後的試樣有最佳抗應力腐蝕的能力，敏化後施行氧化鋯抑制性被覆處理相較於敏化處理也能有效的增加抗應力腐蝕能力。飼水注氫雖然改善了水化學環境但仍無法完全抑制住應力腐蝕的發生，而其中經固溶處理後的試樣有最佳抗應力腐蝕的能力；敏化後施行氧化鋯抑制性被覆處理的試樣與敏化處理的試樣實驗結果差異不大。比較溶氧、溶氫環境下試樣腐蝕現象，敏化處理的試樣在溶氫環境下抗應力腐蝕能力增益最多。整體而言，溶氫環境確實可使樣品有較佳的抗應力腐蝕能力。

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 xi
第一章 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 研究方向 3
第二章 基礎理論 4
2.1核電廠組件使用材料簡介 4
2.2異材金屬焊接 6
2.2.1焊接金屬簡介 6
2.2.2 Schaeffler圖 7
2.2.3異材金屬焊接方法 8
2.3管件劣化 12
2.3.1核電廠中應力腐蝕相關經驗 14
2.4應力應變曲線圖(Stress - Strain curve) 16
2.4.1拉伸試驗簡介 16
2.4.2 晶粒大小對降伏強度與抗拉強度的影響 22
2.5 伊凡斯圖(Evan’s diagram) 22
2.5.1 加氫水化學(Hydrogen Water Chemistry) 23
2.5.2貴重金屬添加(Noble Metal Chemical Addition) 24
2.5.3 抑制性被覆(IPC) 25
第三章 文獻回顧 28
3-1應力腐蝕 28
3-1-1應力腐蝕必要因素 29
3-1-2應力腐蝕機制 31
3-1-3應力因子 - 焊接殘留應力成因 37
3-1-4材料因子 - 沃斯田鐵系不銹鋼敏化現象 39
3-1-5沃斯田鐵系不銹鋼高溫應力腐蝕破裂型態 44
3-1-6環境雜質來源與對應力腐蝕龜裂之影響 46
3-1-7 溫度對SCC影響 48
3-1-8流速對應力腐蝕的影響 51
3-1-9 不銹鋼中雜質對應力腐蝕之影響 53
3-1-10 電化學腐蝕電位與應力腐蝕龜裂關係 53
3-2沃斯田鐵系不銹鋼之沿晶腐蝕 55
3-3異材焊接 56
3-3-1焊件結構 56
3-3-2 世界各國對於異材焊件微結構與機械性質的研究 61
3-3-3焊件腐蝕: 68
3-4 應力腐蝕防治方法 69
3-5加氫水化學 75
3-6抑制方法 – 抑制性被覆 85
3-6-1 高溫純水中不銹鋼表面氧化膜結構 85
3-6-2 抑制性被覆方法 92
3-6-3 抑制性覆膜機制 108
3-6-4 相變化與相組成 112
3-7 實驗方法簡介 112
3-7-1焊件檢測方法 112
3-7-2 沿晶腐蝕敏感性測試方法 116
3-7-3 沿晶腐蝕敏感性測試 122
3-7-4 應力腐蝕實驗方法: 128
3-7-5 微硬度試驗 132
3-7-6 殘留應力測試 134
第四章 實驗設備及步驟 139
4.1 實驗設計及方法 139
4.2熱處理 143
4.3金相觀測 143
4.4 微硬度量測 144
4.5 殘留應力量測 145
4.6 敏化程度測試 145
4.7抑制性被覆 145
4.8 實驗設備 146
4.9拉伸樣品製作 149
第五章 結果與討論 151
5.1 熱處理條件對於置於一般水化學環境之304不銹鋼應力腐蝕龜裂影響 151
5.1.1 304不銹鋼沿晶腐蝕敏感性與熱處理條件的關係 151
5.1.2 微結構分析 153
5.1.3 304不銹鋼慢速率應變拉伸數據分析 153
5.1.4 破裂面分析 157
5.2 焊件檢查 169
5.3異材焊件結構 169
5.4 異材焊件微結構 171
5.5 異材焊件沿晶腐蝕敏感性測試 174
5.6 異材焊件微硬度量測 183
5.7 異材焊件殘留應力量測 187
5.8 異材焊接式樣抑制性被覆處理 188
5.9 304不銹鋼與82合金異材焊接試樣慢速率應變拉伸數據分析 194
5.9.1 溶氧環境下304不銹鋼異材焊接試樣應力腐蝕行為 196
5.9.2 溶氫環境下304不銹鋼試樣應力腐蝕行為 199
5.10 溶氧、溶氫環境下304不銹鋼異材焊接試樣破裂面之觀察 201
第六章 結論 230
參考文獻 232

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